Circular RNAs: A novel type of biomarker and genetic tools in cancer
نویسندگان
چکیده
Circular RNAs (circRNAs) are a novel type of universal and diverse endogenous noncoding RNAs (ncRNAs) and they form a covalently closed continuous loop without 5' or 3' tails unlike linear RNAs. Most circRNAs are presented with characteristics of abundance, stability, conservatism, and often exhibiting tissue/developmental-stage-specific expression. CircRNAs are generated either from exons or introns by back splicing or lariat introns. CircRNAs play important roles as miRNA sponges, gene transcription and expression regulators, RNA-binding protein (RBP) sponges and protein/peptide translators. Emerging evidence revealed the function of circRNAs in cancer and may potentially serve as a required novel biomarker and therapeutic target for cancer treatment. In this review, we discuss about the origins, characteristics and functions of circRNA and how they work as miRNA sponges, gene transcription and expression regulators, RBP sponges in cancer as well as current research methods of circRNAs, providing evidence for the significance of circRNAs in cancer diagnosis and clinical treatment.
منابع مشابه
Bacterial and tissue biomarkers of gastric cancer: new findings and future perspectives: review article
Gastric cancer (GC) is the second leading cause of cancer-related deaths worldwide. It has been proposed that the specific genotypes of Helicobacter pylori (H. pylori) are the causative agents in the development of gastroduodenal diseases, such as chronic atrophic gastritis, peptic ulcerations, and GC. However, disease progression to GC occurs in only a small proportion of infected patients. Re...
متن کاملCircular RNA: features, functions and their correlation with diseases especially cancer
In early 2012, the world of science saw a fascinating discovery called circular RNA as a transcription product of thousands of genes in mice and humans. These circular RNAs have recently been grouped as the encoding RNA in an independent group that their remarkable difference with other RNAs is that these RNAs are not linear, in which two ends connect with a covalent connection creating a loop-...
متن کاملRole of Molecular Biomarkers in Colorectal Cancer
Colorectal cancer (CRC) is amongst the most widespread cancers and is a most common cause of cancer associated mortality universally. Since previous decades, it has been cleared that CRC develops owing to the buildup of a series of genetic and epigenetic changes in the normal colonic epithelium. Regardless of the current development in surgery and therapies, overall survival of end stage CRC pa...
متن کاملThe Role of Long Non-Coding RNAs in Ovarian Cancer
Background: Ovarian cancer is the most fatal tumor of female's reproductive system, and several genetics and environmental factors are involved in its development. Various studies have already identified suitable biomarkers to facilitate the early detection, prognosis evaluation, and the assessment of treatment response. However, the aim of this review was to investigate the role of long non-co...
متن کاملSNHG6 203 Transcript Could be Applied as an Auxiliary Factor for more Precise Staging of Breast Cancer
Background: Nowadays long non-coding RNAs are known as interesting functional part of the transcriptome. LncRNA SNHG6 was reported to be expressed more in breast cancer tissues than non-tumor ones. As a frequent cancer among women, breast cancer treatment needs applied biomarkers for fast prognosis and diagnosis. SNHG6 RNA and its splice variants could be considered as molecula...
متن کامل